March 31: David Wittman
"Gravitational Lensing and Dark Matter"
Abstract
Roughly 90% of the matter in our universe is dark: We can't see it
directly and we don't know what it is. But a technique called
gravitational lensing allows us to map out this dark matter because
its gravity bends light from background galaxies, distorting their
images like a funhouse mirror. This lensing effect is strongest in
the densest regions of the universe, where it has spectacular effects
such as shown in the picture. To learn something about the universe
in general, though, we must extend this technique to more typical
regions of the universe, where the effect is much weaker. We have
recently discovered that this effect can be detected anywhere on the
sky, which leads to a rough estimate of the total amount of dark
matter in the universe.